GLOVER STREET TAVERN #
12 (later 53) Glovers' Court
Also 9 Glover Street.
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Formerly the "DRUMMER'S RETURN"
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MINE HOSTS:
1869 - 71 John Worthington
1877 Mrs Ellen Worthington
1879 - 83 Robert Worthngton
1884 - 93 John Crook
1893 - 94 John Cave * See article, below, re: Cave family
1894 - 97 James Herbert Moss
1897 Annie Moss
1897 - 99 Jane Richmond
1899 Charles Child
1900 John Bell
1900 John William Garside
1901 Robert Garnett
1901 - 04 John Plant
1906 John Halliwell - Yates, Castle Brewery, Hamilton St., Birkenhead. Lessee: David Bramley.
In 1902, a Richard Boyle was refused a licence for the house
on the grounds that "he was not a fit person.".
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GLOVER STREET, PRESTON
Sale by Auction
At the Shelley Arms, Fishergate, on 6th October 1870
LOT 2. ALL that capital and well-established BEER-HOUSE
called the "Glover Street Tavern," situate at the corner of
Syke Street and Glover Street, and numbered 9 in Glover Street,
in the occupation of Mr. John Worthington.
Together with the Yard, Brewhouse, and other Buildings and
Appurtenances.
Preston Chronicle 17th September 1870
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| Preston Chronicle 9th Augustr 1879 |
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| Preston Chronicle 10th October 1885 |
THE CAVE FAMILY OF PRESTON: PUBLICANS, POLICE - AND
OTHERS
A number of us have pub licensees, brewers and
maltsters in our Cave family trees, so I was interested to find the website
‘Pubs in Preston - Preston’s Inns, Taverns and Beerhouses - One man’s attempt
to recreate Preston’s 19th-century social life and times’. Its creator, Stephen
Halliwell, has traced the life and times of hundreds of public houses and their
occupants, in the Lancashire town of Preston.
The search facility revealed two Caves who were
licensees in Preston -
1869-1874
- Samuel Cave (with Thomas Turner), the Fylde Tavern
1893-1894
- John Cave, The Glover Street Tavern
1897
- John Cave, The Wellington Inn
1901
- John Cave, The Exchange Hotel
1902 - John Cave, The Blackamoors Head
From just these two names has emerged an extensive and
very interesting family tree. There appear to have been no other Caves in
Preston at the time – always helpful in following a line – and almost without
exception they stayed in the town.
Firstly, censuses indicated that Samuel and John were
father and son. Samuel Cave was born in Preston in 1801 to Sarah Cave, no
father was named, and he married Mary (maiden name not known). In censuses from
1841-1871 Samuel is described as M.S. (manservant), coachman, servant, and
cabdriver. Census data doesn’t describe either Samuel or John as licensees, but
there is sufficient evidence to indicate that they are the same people. Perhaps
their time in the licensed trade was short and did not coincide with the
census, or maybe they had multiple occupations. In May 1874 the Preston
Guardian reported that Samuel Cave, landlord of the Fylde Tavern, was summoned
for selling drink during prohibited hours, but the case was dismissed.
Samuel and Mary had at least seven children – Samuel
(1833), Ann/e (1835), Isabella (1837), Sarah (1841), William (1844), Richard
(1846) and John (1852). Because of the original link with the licensing trade I
was initially concerned with John, the youngest, but the other siblings have
also proved interesting.
John Cave (1852-1927)
In 1871 John was aged 19 and a footman (out of work).
The Lancashire Record Office website also lists a John Cave who served with the
police from 1871-1873, and information in a later newspaper report confirms
that this was the same person.
On 11 February 1880 at St Peter’s Church, Preston,
John was married to Lucy Watson, the daughter of the late William Mason, a
publican. Lucy was a widow and had a small daughter Eliza Alice. Before her
marriage to John, Lucy had lived with her aunt and uncle who were publicans at
the Fox and Goose Tavern; and the Fox Street Tavern (later the Exchange Hotel).
At the time of his marriage John was a Sanitary Inspector, also referred to as
Inspector of Nuisances, and it appears that he was responsible for what we
would now call weights and measures, or trading standards. Tragically, Lucy
died the following year. Her daughter, Eliza Alice, later married a doctor and
had three daughters. In 1883 John married Alice Foster, daughter of the late
Richard Foster. They appear not to have had any family.
We know a little more about John from local
newspapers. In 1878 the Preston Guardian reported a case where John Cave,
inspector of nuisances, gave evidence in a case of adulterated milk. The case
was proved and the defendant fined 40s. with costs. In 1880 the council minutes
reported that John Cave, inspector of nuisances, had applied for an increase in
salary. This was shortly after his first marriage to Lucy. The application was
‘referred to committee’ and the outcome not known.
At the end of 1892 there was considerable local press
coverage about ‘The Slink Meat Traffic in Preston – Startling Disclosures’ and
‘Reorganisation of the Sanitary Dept.’ Slink meat was a term used to describe
diseased meat which was unfit to eat, and as Sanitary Inspector John Cave was
responsible for monitoring this traffic in the town. Some allegations state
that slink meat was moved out of the area for onward sale, with the Sanitary
Inspectors receiving ‘tips’ from farmers for this service, and that although
S.I. Cave and his colleague had been in post for 20 years the service was
negligent and corrupt, and that Preston had the highest death rate of any town
in England. Probably largely in consequence, it was proposed that John Cave’s
employment be terminated as part of large-scale reorganisation. However other
members of the corporation spoke out in strong defence of the two Sanitary
Inspectors, and a letter from John Cave was submitted. Again, it is not obvious
exactly what the outcome was, but it seems likely that John Cave’s employment
with the Corporation ceased, and that he then became licensee of the pubs
mentioned above.
In the 1901 census John aged 45, was ‘living on own
means’ with Alice, 40, at Lauderdale Street. By 1911 John and Alice, were aged
54 and 50, had been married for 27 years, and John was hotel manager at the
Boreatton Arms Hotel, Baschurch, Staffs. John died aged 75 in 1927, having returned
to Preston, and left the not inconsiderable sum of £3,749.4s.1d. to his widow
Alice.
The Daughters:
Sarah Cave (m. Thomas Turner)
Sarah, b. 1841 is listed as a cotton weaver at home
with her parents in 1861 census. In July 1861 at St John’s Church Preston,
Sarah married Thomas Turner (b.1837, son of Richard Turner). In 1861, prior to
his marriage, Thomas was a policeman but by 1871 Thomas was a beer house keeper
– another link to the licensed trade. Presumably he was the joint landlord of
the Fylde Tavern with Samuel Cave in 1869-1874. By 1881 he had become a corn
dealer, then a farmer. Sarah and Thomas stayed in and around Preston and had 11
children of whom 8 were surviving in 1911. Two of their sons were butchers.
Sarah and Thomas both lived into their 80s.
Ann(e) was born c. 1835 and married John Hunt in 1846.
They had two sons, James (b. 1864) and Richard (b. 1869), and four daughters –
Mary, Sarah Ann, Ruth, and Elizabeth Ellen. This was a family mainly employed
in the local cotton industry – John was a cotton yarn dresser, Ann a cotton
weaver, and their daughters all followed them as weavers. James aged 17 was an
apprentice coach builder.
Isabella Cave (m. Hugh Ashcroft)
Isabella Cave (b. 1837) was a cotton weaver in 1861,
at home with parents. In 1871, after a little bit of detective work, I found
her in the guise of Bella Ashcroft (nee ‘Kay’) living in Mount Street, Preston
at an address between parents Samuel and Mary, and brother William. Neither
Isabella nor her husband Hugh, a farmer’s son, were literate – they signed the
marriage register with a cross - and so the name had apparently become
corrupted. It is curious that neither her brother or father, who were present
at their ceremony, noticed the mistake, and father Samuel’s name was also
mis-spelt. By 1881 Isabella and Hugh had two daughters and two sons, in 1901
Isabella, now widowed, was a lodging house keeper.
Samuel Cave (Jnr.) (1833-1912) and his son William
Henry Morgan Cave (1862-1942)
Returning to the Cave brothers, Samuel (Jnr.) is
unusual in this family as he was ‘the one who moved away’ from Preston. He
married Mary Morgan in July 1857 at Trinity Church Paddington. They had two
sons, as well as other children. Samuel was a bank messenger. By 1901 he was
widowed and had returned to Preston to live with his younger brother Richard.
Samuel and Mary’s eldest son, William Henry Morgan
Cave (b. 1862), is the one who can be said to ‘have made good’. In 1881 he was
clerk to an accountant, his brother Frederick (b. 1865) being clerk to an
agent. In 1885 William married Elizabeth Randall in Peckham, daughter of a toy
merchant. In 1891 and 1901 William H.M. and Elizabeth were in Deptford and in
1911 in Brockley, SE London, with their son Henry Randall Cave (bc 1884) and
two daughters, Grace (bc 1891) and Mary (bc 1896). As the oldest grandchild of
the Preston Cave clan, William was fortunate to inherit money from his father
Samuel (Jnr.) in 1912 (£634.1s.6d) and from his (childless) uncle Richard who
left him £1,976.8s.6d in 1929. William H.M. was a stocks and shares dealer at
the Stock Exchange and he died in September 1942 in Haywards Heath, leaving
£22,461.4s.1d to his eldest son, Henry Randall Cave, who was a member of the
Stock Exchange. Henry Randall Cave had served in the Great War from August 1914
to March 1918, when he was discharged because of wounds following service
overseas, and awarded the Silver War badge. From 1916, this was given to men of
serviceable age who had been honourably discharged due to wounds or sickness
and was worn with civilian dress to prevent accusations of cowardice.
William Cave (1844-1933)
William Cave was the second son of Samuel Cave Snr.
and Mary. William married Alice Miller in Preston in April 1870, and their
children were all born in Preston – James Miller (1871), Mary Ann (1872),
Samuel R. (1875) and Edith Isabella (1877). In 1881 and 1891 William was listed
as a police sergeant and police inspector, but his earlier and more exciting
career was discovered from the Lancashire Daily Post. In April 1930 on the
occasion of his Diamond Wedding anniversary, and three years later, his
obituary in 1933, his early life was described as “an adventurous lifetime of
65 years in which he – left school at 9; ran away to sea at 14; joined the Army
at 15; was in a mutiny at 16; fought the Maoris at 17, and joined the police
force at 24”. The newspaper reports:
Willie Cave had been an errand boy, a
grocer’s assistant, and a plumber before he made up his mind to run away to sea
at 14. So he went to Liverpool, and after wandering about the docks for a day
and a night, fell in with a recruiting party. The recruiting sergeant bought
him over for a shilling, kept him in bed a week to ‘stretch’ him, and then
giving his age as 18 enlisted him in the 65th Foot, the Royal Bengal Tigers.
After 12 months in Ireland they were sent out to New Zealand to assist in
quelling the Maori rebellion. The troop ship took four months to reach
Auckland, and during the voyage the soldiers mutinied, owning to a shortage of
fresh water. Mr Cave spent six years in New Zealand fighting the Maoris, and he
took part in the battle of Rangariri on 20 November 1863... where between 300
and 400 British soldiers were killed ... At 24 Mr Cave left the Army and joined
the Preston borough police force ... rose to the rank of inspector, and retired
after 26 years’ service.
Since then Mr & Mrs Cave have jogged
along comfortably. For the past 22 years they have acted as caretakers ... in
Lune-street, Preston, and there they live in a cosy little kitchen right in the
heart of the town, yet tucked away from the noise and bustle of modern traffic.
William Cave’s 1933 obituary begins “Old Billy Cave
has not lived to see the spring. The doyen of Preston police inspectors died
this morning ... but a month ago he posed for a photograph with the five oldest
police pensioners in the town”.
In 1893 William Cave was named in a case where an
‘absent’ landlord was accused of harbouring an officer on duty, although
William Cave, an officer with nearly 25 years’ service, was allegedly searching
the premises for suspected intruders. The landlord was convicted and fined £5
but it is not clear, from the lengthy and wordy reports, how this affected P.I.
Cave. Later reports imply that he continued to serve in the police force.
Richard Cave (c. 1846-1929)
Richard married Susannah Fielding in 1879. Susannah
was from Dolphinholme, Lancs., and they may have met when Richard worked in
Salford as a servant to the Dean of Manchester, as it is recorded in the 1871
census that Susannah’s sister Nancy was also a servant there. Prior to this in
1861 Richard, aged 14, had been a footman. By 1881 he was a prison warden and
appears to have followed this occupation until he appears as a pensioner,
retired warden, in 1911. Richard and Susannah had no children but I view them
as a kind couple - in 1901 they shared their home with Richard’s widowed
brother Samuel, who had returned from London, and also Susannah’s sister Nancy
who had not married. In 1887 Samuel Cave Snr., Richard’s father, had died at
their home where he too may have been living after his wife died in 1880.
Having started to look for links with pubs in this
family, they have proved to be of much broader interest – and there is more to
find. For anyone with local knowledge of Preston, it would be easy – and
fascinating – to trace where this Cave family lived and worked, often moving
short distances around a small number of streets, and would provide a great
family history trail.
There are still a number of Caves listed in Preston
today and I wonder if they are descendants? I would like to know if anyone else
has followed this interesting line, which I have been able to trace in the area
for over a hundred years. Nearly all of the information in this study is
sourced through mainstream genealogy websites; from the Cave FHS Table NZ, and
the excellent Lancashire Online Parish Clerk website. I am especially grateful
to Steve Halliwell of ‘Pubs in Preston blogspot’ for his help and interest.
Wendy Wright
'from the Cave Family History Society Newsletter, April 2013'
*'from the Cave Family History Society Newsletter, April 2013'
CENSUS RETURNS
1871
John Worthington 53 years Beerseller b. Leyland
Ellen Worthington 55 Wife b. Garstang
Robert Worthington 28 Son b. Preston
Eleanor Worthington 22 Daughter do
Kate Worthington 20 Daughter do
Alice Ann Fox 12 Niece b. Blackburn
1881
Robert Worthington 38 years Beerseller b. Preston
Nancy M. Worthington 29 Wife do
Catherine Worthington 29 Boarder do
Elizabeth Kelly 7 Niece / Scholar do
Elizabeth Kelly 7 Niece / Scholar do
1891
John Crook 29 years Beerseller b. Houghton
Martha Crook 30 Wife b. Preston
Lilian Crook 4 Daughter do
Harry Crook 6 months Son do
1901
Richard Garnett 35 years Beerseller b. Lancaster
Ellen Garnett 29 Wife b. Manchester
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